A produção do espaço urbano na Redução Jesuítica São Miguel Arcanjo e seus reflexos no processo de urbanização de São Miguel das Missões (RS-BR)

As Missões Jesuíticas possuem relevante papel no processo de ocupação e de urbanização da região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil (BR). Busca-se verificar as consequências da produção do espaço na Redução Jesuítica de São Miguel Arcanjo (século XXII e XVIII) no processo de urbanização da atual cidade de São Miguel das Missões (RS-BR). A investigação consiste na análise de material bibliográfico e documental sobre o plano urbano de São Miguel Arcanjo e da concepção da organização urbana de São Miguel das Missões, bem como em entrevistas realizadas com agentes públicos. Como conclusão, evidenciou-se que o modelo de produção do espaço estimulou a segregação espacial dos índios guaranis, a concentração de renda nos grandes produtores rurais, o aumento da desigualdade social e o plano urbano da Redução influenciou a forma da cidade de São Miguel das Missões.The Jesuit Missions have a relevant role in the occupation and urbanization process of the northwestern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil (BR). It seeks to verify the consequences of the production of space in the Jesuit Reduction of São Miguel Arcanjo (XXII and XVIII century) in the process of urbanization of the present city of São Miguel (RS-BR). The investigation consists of the analysis of bibliographical and documentary material about the urban plan of São Miguel Arcanjo and of the conception of the urban organization of São Miguel, as well as in interviews with public agents. As a conclusion, it was evidenced that the space production model stimulated the spatial segregation of the Guarani Indians, the concentration of income in the large rural producers, the increase of social inequality and Reduccion urban plan influenced the shape of the city of São Miguel das Missões

Evaluation of the lactic acid consumption in yeast cultures by voltammetric means

The voltammetric study of the lactic acid reduction was performed in media suitable for yeast growth, using platinum microelectrodes. The decrease of the voltammetric peak current from square wave voltammetry, variation of Ip, in cultures of the yeasts Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was related to both the growth time and cellular biomass. Either the imposed variations of medium composition or those resulting from cellular growth did not significantly affect the variation of Ip values. For both yeast species, similar specific growth rates were estimated from the variation of Ip and absorbance at 640 nm.POCTI/QUI/39525/2001

Assessement of Candida utilis growth by voltammetric reduction of acids using microelectrodes

A voltammetric method for the evaluation of the microbial growth using platinum microelectrodes is proposed. This new method is based on the electrochemical reduction of acids produced by the yeast Candida utilis in liquid medium containing glucose as carbon and energy source and ammonium ions as nitrogen source. Current intensities, from linear sweep and square wave voltammetry, were compared with the corresponding values of absorbance at 640 nm (A640nm) resulting from the light scattering of cell suspensions. The equivalence between turbidimetry and electrochemical measurements was checked in experiments performed in growing cultures and in cell suspensions prepared from the dilution of cell cultures. The growth curves defined by either current intensities (IP or IL) or A640nm measurements were similar and displayed characteristic growth phases in a closed system. Exponential growth rates estimated both from turbidimetry and voltammetric techniques were the same.POCTI/QUI/39525/2001

The diaries of Guimar?es Rosa : study and authorial dialogue.

Quase desconhecidos pela cr?tica, os di?rios de Guimar?es Rosa constituem uma vis?o particular do fict?cio e do autobiogr?fico em sua obra. H? tr?s di?rios entre os manuscritos do escritor, mas neste artigo ser? focalizado apenas o di?rio escrito em Paris, por ser o que mais recupera reflex?es sobre a escrita de si e sobre o fazer liter?rio. Expondo um interesse do escritor por di?rios de outros escritores, a investiga??o sobre mecanismos de narra??o de si e da rela??o dessa autocontempla??o com o mundo estendeu-se para cr?nicas e para um dos pref?cios de seu ?ltimo livro, o que tamb?m ser? explorado neste artigo, quando veremos a incorpora??o do debate sobre literatura engajada a partir da escrita ?ntima.Almost unknown by critics, the diaries of Guimar?es Rosa constitute a particular view of the fictional and autobiographical in his work. In this article is the diary written in Paris that will be focused, as it is the one that recovers most reflections about writing itself and about the literary doing. Exposing an interest of the writer by diaries of other writers, the investigation into mechanisms of narration of self and the relation of this self- -contemplation with the world was extended to chronicles and to one of the prefaces of his last book, which will also be explored in this article, when we will see the incorporation of the discussion about literature engaged from the intimate writing

Talking about yourself in the interview : Guimar?es Rosa and his authorial image.

Guimar?es Rosa mostrou-se desconfiado dos mecanismos de interpreta??o em jogo numa entrevista. ? o que concluiu em uma entrevista concedida a Pedro Bloch (1963): ?Quando voc? me faz uma pergunta ? como se estivesse alterando alguma coisa em mim, compreende??. Neste artigo, suas entrevistas ser?o revisitadas, atentando para o processo de modifica??o do autor de acordo com a pergunta feita, ou melhor, n?o se trata necessariamente de uma mudan?a do autor, mas da imagem que tinha ou promovia de si.In an interview Guimar?es Rosa showed some suspicion with regard to the interpretation dynamics. That is what he assumes when interviewed by Pedro Bloch (1963): ?When you ask me something it is like you are changing something in me, you see??. In this paper, his interviews are revisited in order to notice the process of the author?s modification with respect to the posed question, i.e., one proposes that it is not necessarily an author?s modification process what occurs, but a modification related to the very image that the author produced of himself

Antimicrobial activity of phenolic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Juglans regia against dairy industry pathogens

Book of Abstracts of CEB Annual Meeting 2017[Excerpt] Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most expensive pathology for dairy industry and Staphylococcus aureus is amongst the most prevalent causative agents of this disease. Nowadays, it is known that S. aureus contaminated milk can enter the dairy production chain and be the origin of food contamination. Due to the poor efficacy of antibiotics and to the ability to form biofilms evidenced by this pathogen, BM has become increasingly difficult to control and to eradicate. Phenolic plant extracts are nowadays being evaluated since they are a rich source of bioactive molecules. Thus, in this work the antimicrobial activity of E. globulus and J. regia alone and in combination against S. aureus BM isolates was evaluated and compared with penicillin G (Pen G), an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of this pathology. The evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of both extracts was also performed. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synthesis of 4-amino-3,5-dicyano-arylpyrazoles : part 2 : isolation and characterization of by-products

Reaction of (dicyanomethylidene-hydrazino)benzoic acids with chloroacetonitrile, under basic conditions, gave cyanomethyl-3-(7-amino-3,5-dicyano-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-1-yl-benzoates and para substituted cyanomethyl benzoates, in addition to the expected cyanomethyl 3-(4-amino-3,5-dicyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzoates.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal). National Program for Scientific Re-equipment, contract REDE/1517/RMN/2005 with funds from POCI 2010 (FEDER) and FC

Reduced-bias and partially reduced-bias mean-of-order-p value-at-risk estimation: a Monte-Carlo comparison and an application

On the basis of a sample of either independent, identically distributed or possibly weakly dependent and stationary random variables from an unknown model F with a heavy right-tail function, and for any small level q, the value-at-risk (VaR) at the level q, i.e. the size of the loss that occurs with a probability q, is estimated by new semi-parametric reduced-bias procedures based on the mean-of-order-p of a set of k quotients of upper order statistics, with p an adequate real number. After a brief reference to the asymptotic properties of these new VaR-estimators, we proceed to an overall comparison of alternative VaR-estimators, for finite samples, through large-scale Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. Possible algorithms for an adaptive VaR-estimation, an application to financial data and concluding remarks are also provided

Experimental harvesting of fish populations drives genetically based shifts in body size and maturation

Size-selective harvesting in commercial fisheries can induce rapid changes in biological traits. While experimental and wild harvested populations often exhibit clear shifts in body size and maturation associated with fishing pressure, the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to these shifts remain uncertain and have been much debated. To date, observations of so-called fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) have been based solely on phenotypic measures, such as size data. Genetic data are hitherto lacking. Here, we quantify genetic versus environmental change in response to size-selective harvesting for small and large body size in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) across three generations of selection. We document for the first time significant changes at individual genetic loci, some of which have previously been associated with body size. In contrast, variation at neutral microsatellite markers was unaffected by selection, providing direct genetic evidence for rapid evolution induced by size-selective harvesting. These findings demonstrate FIE in an experimental system, with major implications for the sustainability of harvested populations, as well as impacts on size-structured communities and ecosystem processes. These findings highlight the need for scientists and managers to reconsider the capacity of harvested stocks to adapt to, and recover from, harvesting and predation. © 2013 The Ecological Society of America

Differential responses of the antioxidant defence system and ultrastructure in a salt-adapted potato cell line

Changes in lipid peroxidation and ion content and the possible involvement of the antioxidant system in salt tolerance at the cellular level was studied in a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) callus line grown on 150 mM NaCl (salt-adapted) and in a non-adapted line exposed to 150 mM NaCl (salt-stressed). Salinity reduced the growth rate and increased lipid peroxidation in salt-stressed line, which remained unaltered in the adapted line. Na+ and Cl− content increased due to salinity in both lines, but the adapted line displayed greater K+/Na+ ratio than the stressed one. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities decreased in both salt-exposed lines; catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) activity did not change in the adapted line, but decreased in the stressed cell line. Salinity caused the suppression of one GR isoform, while the isozyme patterns of SOD, APX, and CAT were not affected. Ascorbate and reduced glutathione increased in both salt-exposed calli lines. α-Tocopherol increased as a result of salt exposure, with higher levels found in adapted calli. Electron microscopy showed that neither the structural integrity of the cells nor membrane structure were affected by salinity, but plastids from adapted cells had higher starch content. The results suggest that the enzymic and non-enzymic components of the antioxidant system are differentially modulated by salt. Different concentrations of antioxidant metabolites are more relevant to the adaptive response to salinity in potato calli than the differences in activity of the antioxidant enzymes.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio